雑音特性の変動を伴う多様な環境で実用可能な音声強調

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

雑音特性の変動を伴う多様な環境で実用可能な音声強調

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Sequence divergence and retrotransposon insertion underlie interspecific epigenetic differences in primates

内在性レトロウイルス配列によってヒトのエピゲノムが変化してきたことを発見！ --ヒトとチンパンジーのiPS細胞の比較解析から--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-10-12.Changes in the epigenome can affect the phenotype without the presence of changes in the genomic sequence. Given the high identity of the human and chimpanzee genome sequences, a substantial portion of their phenotypic divergence likely arises from epigenomic differences between the two species. In this study, the transcriptome and epigenome were determined for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from human and chimpanzee individuals. The transcriptome and epigenomes for trimethylated histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4me3) and lysine-27 (H3K27me3) showed high levels of similarity between the two species. However, there were some differences in histone modifications. Although such regions, in general, did not show significant enrichment of interspecies nucleotide variations, gains in binding motifs for pluripotency-related transcription factors, especially POU5F1 and SOX2, were frequently found in species-specific H3K4me3 regions. We also revealed that species-specific insertions of retrotransposons, including the LTR5_Hs subfamily in human and a newly identified LTR5_Pt subfamily in chimpanzee, created species-specific H3K4me3 regions associated with increased expression of nearby genes. Human iPSCs have more species-specific H3K27me3 regions, resulting in more abundant bivalent domains. Only a limited number of these species-specific H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 regions overlap with species-biased enhancers in cranial neural crest cells, suggesting that differences in the epigenetic state of developmental enhancers appear late in development. Therefore, iPSCs serve as a suitable starting material for studying evolutionary changes in epigenome dynamics during development

Role of type III homology repeats in cell adhesive function within the cell-binding domain of fibronectin

This research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. F Kimizuka, Y Ohdate, Y Kawase, T Shimojo, Y Taguchi, K Hashino, S Goto, H Hashi, I Kato, K Sekiguchi and K Titani. Role of type III homology repeats in cell adhesive function within the cell-binding domain of fibronectin. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 3045-3051 © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog

Behavior of vascular resistance undergoing various pressure insufflation and perfusion on decellularized lungs

Bioengineering of functional lung tissue by using whole lung scaffolds has been proposed as a potential alternative for patients awaiting lung transplant. Previous studies have demonstrated that vascular resistance (Rv) could be altered to optimize the process of obtaining suitable lung scaffolds. Therefore, this work was aimed at determining how lung inflation (tracheal pressure) and perfusion (pulmonary arterial pressure) affect vascular resistance. This study was carried out using the lungs excised from 5 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats. The trachea was cannulated and connected to a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device to provide a tracheal pressure ranging from 0 to 15 cmH(2)O. The pulmonary artery was cannulated and connected to a controlled perfusion system with continuous pressure (gravimetric level) ranging from 5 to 30 cmH(2)O. Effective Rv was calculated by ratio of pulmonary artery pressure (P-PA) by pulmonary artery flow (V'(PA)). Rv in the decellularized lungs scaffolds decreased at increasing V'(PA), stabilizing at a pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 20 cmH(2)O. On the other hand, CPAP had no influence on vascular resistance in the lung scaffolds after being subjected to pulmonary artery pressure of 5 cmH(2)O. In conclusion, compared to positive airway pressure, arterial lung pressure markedly influences the mechanics of vascular resistance in decellularized lungs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Preventative Effect of a Flavonoid, Enzymatically Modified Isoquercitrin on Ocular Symptoms of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis

ABSTRACTBackgroundFlavonoids are nutrients that exert anti-allergic effects. We investigated the preventative effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a flavonoid, to relieve the symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis.MethodsIn a parallel-group, double-blind placebo-controlled study design, 24 subjects with Japanese cedar pollinosis took 100 mg EMIQ or a placebo for 8 weeks, starting 4 weeks prior to the onset of pollen release. Subjective symptoms, ADL scores and the usage of drugs were recorded daily, and the QOL score was obtained every 4 weeks. Blood sampling was performed before and after the study to measure serum levels of IgE and flavonoids.ResultsDuring the entire study period, ocular symptom + medication score for the EMIQ group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the placebo group. When limited to the period, ocular symptom scores (p < 0.05, weeks 5–6), and ocular congestion scores (p < 0.05, weeks 5–6) for the EMIQ group was significantly lower than that for the placebo group while other scores for the EMIQ group, such as ocular itching scores (p = 0.09, weeks 4–5), lacrimation scores (p = 0.07, weeks 5–6), and ocular congestion scores (p = 0.06, weeks 45), all tended to be lower. However no significant differences were found in nasal symptoms between the two groups. Serum concentrations of IgE were not significantly downregulated but the serum concentrations of quercetin and its derivatives were elevated significantly by the intake of EMIQ.ConclusionsIntake of the quercetin glycoside EMIQ proved to be effective for the relief of ocular symptoms caused by Japanese cedar pollinosis

ニュウイン コウレイシャ ニ タイスル カツドウセイテイカ ヨボウケア ノ ジッシジョウキョウ ト ソノ エイキョウ ヨウイン : ロウネンカンゴガク ジッシュウ ヲ ウケイレテイル イッパンビョウトウ カンゴシ ヲ タイショウ ニ

背景 一般病院における入院患者に占める高齢者割合が今後ますます高くなることが推測され, 看護師の高齢者に対する活動性低下予防の実践力向上が必要となる. そこで, 老年看護学実習を実施している一般病棟看護師の入院高齢者に対する活動性低下予防を意識した看護の実施状況とその影響要因を明らかにしたいと考えた.目的 本研究の目的は, 老年看護学実習を受け入れている一般病棟看護師の入院高齢者に対する活動性低下予防ケアの実施状況とその影響要因を明らかにすることである.方法 研究同意が得られた16病院の看護管理者に調査を依頼し, 老年看護学実習病棟経験3年以上の看護師を対象とし, 属性, 看護学生と関わる立場, 看護上重視する視点, 野崎らが開発した 「入院高齢者の日常生活における活動性低下予防ケア実施度」 の尺度を用いて調査し, 統計解析により分析した.結果 調査対象は270名で女性が91.5%であった. 活動性低下予防ケアの実施度は, 平均77.9士21 (138点満点) ,ケア項目 (スコア3～0) では, 「環境整備」 2.37, 「移動・移乗の介助・指導」 2.32, 「認知刺激」 2.16, 「運動実施の援助」 と 「エネルギー管理」 が1.68であった. 経験年数, 看護学生と関わる立場との有意差はなく, 高齢者の 「発達段階」, 「もてる力」, 「入院前の生活」, 「患者の価値観」,に有意差 (p<0.001～p<0.05) を認め,高齢者への視点の有無が活動性低下予防ケアに影響していた.結論 高齢者看護実習病棟看護師の活動性低下予防ケアの実施には, 高齢者の 「発達段階」, 「もてる力」, 「入院前の生活」 , 「患者の価値観」 が影響していた.Background The proportion of elderly patients is expected to increase in general hospitals, and thus nurses need to improve preventive care for decreased activity among these patients. However, the current status of the implementation of such care by nurses on general wards that conduct gerontology nursing training is unclear, and influencing factors need to be identified.Objective The purpose of this study is to ascertain the situation of implementation of preventive care for decreased activity among elderly inpatients by nurses on general wards that conduct gerontology nursing training, as well as the factors influencing such implementation.Methods Sixteen teaching hospitals agreed to participate. The nursing administrator of each hospital surveyed nurses with≧3 years\u27 experience working on a gerontology training ward. Data was collected on nurse attributes, position in relation to student nurses, and key considerations in nursing. Nozaki\u27s scale for assessing the degree of implementation of preventive care for decreased activity in daily life of elderly inpatients was used, and data were statistically analyzed.Results Of the 270 participants, 91.5% were women. Mean implementation score was 77.9±21 (total score: 138). Care score(3-0) was "Environment adjustment" 2.37, "Assist/guide movement" 2.32 an

食生活の多様性とうつ病および自殺の有病率との関連 ―26年間の国際比較研究―

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the associations of dietary diversity with depression and suicide rates by an ecological analysis using 26-years worldwide statistics.Methods: Average food supply and energy supply by country, excluding loss between production and household, were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division database (FAOSTAT). Dietary diversity scores were calculated from food group classifications. Age-standardized depression prevalence and suicide rates per 100,000 people by country were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 database. The association between food diversity scores and depression prevalence and suicide rates was analyzed by a mixed effects model controlling for covariates in 137 countries with populations of 1 million or greater.Results: A significant negative association was found in the analysis of the relationship between dietary diversity and the prevalence of major depression in the model controlled for all covariates [β (se) = –225.6 (61.9), p < 0.001]. In addition, a significant negative association between dietary diversity and the suicide rate was also found in the model controlled for all covariates [β (se) = –3.08 (1.50), p < 0.05].Conclusion: Dietary diversity was significantly negatively associated with the rates of major depression and suicide. Diets rich in foods may reduce the prevalence of depression and suicide rate.【目的】本研究は、26年間の世界的な統計を用いた生態学的分析により、食生活の多様性とうつ病や自殺率との関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】生産と家庭間の喪失を除く国別平均食料供給量とエネルギー供給量を国連食糧農業機関統計局データベース（FAOSTAT）から入手した。食物群分類から食事多様性スコアを算出した。年齢標準化された国別の人口10万人当たりのうつ病有病率と自殺率は、Global Burden of Disease（GBD）2017データベースから取得した。人口100万人以上の137カ国を対象に、食品多様性スコアとうつ病有病率および自殺率との関連を、共変量を制御した混合効果モデルで解析した。【結果】食生活の多様性とうつ病の有病率との関係を分析したところ、すべての共変量を調整したモデルにおいて、有意な負の関連が認められた［β（se）＝－225.6（61.9）、p < 0.001］。さらに、食生活の多様性と自殺率との間の有意な負の関連も、すべての共変量を調整したモデルで認められた［β（se）= －3.08（1.50）、p < 0.05］。【結論】食生活の多様性は、うつ病および自殺の発生率と有意に負の関連があった。食物を豊富に含む食事は、うつ病や自殺を減少させる可能性がある